The Age of Enlightenment in Society - 634 Words

Necessity is the mother of invention. Long ago after a treacherous, extensive war, when a king ruled over many lands he took away the rights of his people. This caused many philosophers, politicians, artist, writers and any other man who started to question all that each believed in and wanted rights, decided to finally say what they really thought of their king and how he was wrong with what he was doing (SparkNotes). As humans, everyone was born with natural rights that are incredibly important to have control over (John Locke). When they were stripped of their privileges it caused many to think of new ideas, or in other words, new inventions. Between the 1600’s and 1790’s enlightenment thinkers changed society with the new concept of putting power in the peoples’ hands. The king took away any self-dignity he could from any individual he may to gain more power for himself. With all of this capability and no one to stop him, he made destructive decisions. Every one in the land was imposed with taxes, without any voice given from any personage. Men with lowest income received the highest taxes, and men with highest income received lowest taxes (Declaration). The so called â€Å"mighty rule† was destroying families, killing mothers, fathers, and even children. He made sure that living was the most laborious and strenuous thing the lower class peasants ever did. He pushed and pushed his followers, the further he pushed the more wroth they began to be. The king refused to giveShow MoreRelatedThe Age Of Enlightenment And The Scientific Revolution1675 Words   |  7 PagesOver the years, the society and the world evolved giving rise to the establishment of new social norms and scientific advances. Although the industrial revolution and the scientific revolution represented a giant leap forward in human development, the Age of Enlightenment delivered the greatest influence for the future American society and planted the way for cultural a nd humanistic enrichment. The Age of the Enlightenment raised new concepts in education, democracy, and human freedom. The new humanisticRead MoreThe Enlightenment Paradigm Shift Within The Era1628 Words   |  7 PagesThe Enlightenment Paradigm Shift The Enlightenment era, between the 1500s and 1800s was a predominately intellectual movement that saw the development of new ideas, major changes in Church-State relations and scientific discoveries that are still fundamental today. Until the Renaissance and Reformation period the Church, from the ancient to medieval ages, had total domination. The Renaissance era set the ball rolling for the Enlightenment with the beginning of scientific inquiry and search forRead MoreThe Enlightenment1278 Words   |  6 PagesWorld The Enlightenment, Age of Reason, began in the late 17th and 18th century. This was a period in Europe and America when mankind was emerging from centuries of ignorance into a new age enlightened by reason, science, and respect for humanity. This period promoted scientific thought, skeptics, and intellectual interchange: dismissing superstition, intolerance, and for some, religion. Western Europe, Germany, France, and Great Britain, and the American Colonies generally influenced the age of reasonRead MoreEnlightenment and Puritans782 Words   |  4 Pages The Enlightenment period, also known as The Age of Reason, was a period of social, religious, and political revolution throughout the 18th century which changed the thoughts of man during this â€Å"awakening† time. It was a liberation of ignorant thoughts, ideas, and actions that had broken away from the ignorant perception of how society was to be kept and obeyed thus giving little room for new ideas about the world. Puritan society found these new ideas of thought to be extremely radical in comparisonRead MoreThe Enlightenment By Thomas Paine And John Locke1709 Words   |  7 PagesFinal Paper: The Enlightenment The eighteenth century embraced the beginning of an opinionated movement for new thinking about once unquestioned truths and actions. This movement, known as the enlightenment was more than a period of advanced ideas, as this unfamiliar way of thinking also lead to a change in the way that people began to operate within society. The ambition was lead by the attempt to break free from the past, overturning old ideas and moving forward. Enlightenment thinkers helpedRead MoreThe Enlightenment Puritanism Essay807 Words   |  4 Pages The Enlightenment period, also known as The Age of Reason, was a period of social, religious, and political revolution throughout the 18th century which changed the thoughts of man during this â€Å"awakening† time. It was a liberation of ignorant thoughts, ideas, and actions that had broken away from the ignorant perception of how society was to be kept and obeyed thus giving little room for new ideas about the world. Puritan society found these n ew ideas of thought to be extremely radical in comparisonRead MoreDefining Characteristics of the Medieval, Renaissance, Neoclassical, and Romantic Period 987 Words   |  4 Pagesthe structure of society was a mess. After the trojan war the Medieval period was the one to bring in the more civilized society. Having a more civilized structure brought in new ideas and a more structured government. The base of the Medieval period was Italian scholars and academics on the base of academics was only making slow progress across the world. The most horrific event of the Medieval period would be the Dark Ages. In the article Dark Ages the author states, â€Å"Dark Ages,;the early medievalRead MoreWhat Is Enlightenment1028 Words   |  5 PagesA More Enlightened Contemporary Society What is Enlightenment?, an explication that was written in 1784 in Prussia by the philosopher Immanuel Kant, discusses the principles that he deems to be truths surrounding significant topics such as freedom, reason, and an individual’s and/or societal necessity to be fully mature, in terms that he described as being scholar. Here, what is most evident is the reality that while he perceived the society as being unprepared to be fully mature, he neverthelessRead MoreKant s Views On The Enlightenment And Modernity923 Words   |  4 Pagesquestion are J.J. Rousseau and I. Kant. Both thinkers agreed that the Enlightenment would change society as they knew it, that it would allow the human being to develop, both individually and socially. I will consider both thinker’s attitudes as regards to the Enlightenment and Modernity, the individual, and finally to the individual’s responsibility in helping humanity progress towards a peaceful international community. The Enlightenment is the social and cultural period that brought about European ModernityRead MoreAge Of Reason And The Scientific Revolution1089 Words   |  5 Pages2015 Age of Reason The Age of Reason took place in Europe from the mid 1500s and ended in the late 1700s. This can be categorized into two different time periods. First, was the Scientific Revolution when many scholars created new ways of thinking about the natural world. The Scientific Revolution ended around the late 1600s. Although this time period was over, common ideas spread to the next period. The second time period in the Age of Reason was the Enlightenment. The Enlightenment was when

Essay On Alcohol In The Great Gatsby - 1267 Words

The new century changed like no other, had new fancy clothes for women, new things to ride around in, the stock market was a raging mess with it being at its best, the age of amazing Jazz, and when everyone wanted to live the most modernist way they could. Ah yes, the 1920s. What a time to be alive. World War I just wrapped up and everything was finally getting better by the age. But the 20s also had it low spots. Especially when alcohol and prohibition became a big thing during that time. In the book The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald, he describes a man by Jay Gatsby that learns to make big bucks off bootlegging alcohol from other. In this essay, one can learn about prohibitions, bootleggers, and speakeasies. Along with more about†¦show more content†¦Let alone how they were decorated and made into a mini club, one could make buck on owning several of these. Like Al Capone made 60 million alone on owning several speakeasies. (Prohibition: an interactive history) The more bootlegging became popular in the 20s, the more speakeasies that popped up. Many owners of the speakeasies tried their hardest to stay clear of the alcohol ban. Many had plans and ways to hid their beverages in order to hide their staches and so their staches cant be used at a trial against them as evidence. They would pull a lever that would push all the alcohol they had down into a secret wine cellar that would hold their liquor for them. This fits in with The Great Gatsby perfectly. In The Great Gatsby, Gatsby was friends/ business partners with a gangster that changed the world series and it was thought that he was a bootlegger and owned a few speakeasies to get money. Which also was another idea to why Gatsby was so rich. Tom buchanan, Daisy’s husband, thought he bought some drugstores and started bootlegging alcohol. Which was true because when the prohibition act was in place, many went to people that bootlegged and sold their own versions of alcohol. Such as like bathtub gin, which was just where if they had to make a big batch of an alcoholic drink they made it in their bathtub. Many thought America needed some rules on their alcohol, then the prohibitionShow MoreRelatedAlcohol In The Great Gatsby Essay850 Words   |  4 PagesConsequences of alcohol come from the substance itself and some are due to the effects around others. Alcohol affects the decision making part of the brain called the â€Å"Frontal Lobe† leading to bad decisions. Just like how, in The Great Gatsby, when Daisy was drunk she decided to drive Gatsby’s car and crashed into Myrtle which ended up killing her. Therefore, the production, manufacturing, and sale of alcohol should be prohibited in the United States. The consumption of alcohol leads to a decreasingRead MoreThe Roaring Twenties By F. Scott Fitzgerald860 Words   |  4 Pagesreferred to the Roaring Twenties as the â€Å"Jazz Age†. In his essay â€Å"Echoes of the Jazz Age† Fitzgerald wrote, â€Å"It was an age of miracles, it was an age of art, it was an age of excess, and it was an age of satire to describe the movement. In his writings Fitzgerald revealed the negative side of the 1920’s happiness and freedom. On April 10, 1925 Fitzgerald published The Great Gatsby, the book that became his literary legacy. The Great Gatsby is said to be one of the essential Jazz Age documents; theRead MoreWilly Loman, Jay Gatsby, and the American Dream Essay736 Words   |  3 PagesGatsby and Loman My own life’s dream is to have a career in which I can surround myself in music. I will not let anything stand between my dream and I; however, I will never allow my dream to come between myself and my loved ones, or my reality. Many have already fallen victim to the pursuit of the American Dream – a fantastic projection of life that varies based upon its dreamer. However, the road to the American Dream, if followed blindly, can lead to nothing more than a dead end. In The GreatRead MoreEssay on The Corruption of the American Dream in The Great Gatsby1302 Words   |  6 Pages On April 10, 1925 F. Scott Fitzgerald published The Great Gatsby, a novel that would later become one of the best known pieces of classic literature in history. However, at the time of its publication, Gatsby was fairly unpopular ad the reviews were never consistent. As shocking as it may seem, I believe it is because Fitzgerald’s intelligence and creativity levels wer e way ahead of his time, which is evident when one pays close attention to the themes of the novel. ForgivenessRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1271 Words   |  6 PagesAmerican Dream Essay By: Mary C. Watts In his novel,The Great Gatsby, F. Scott Fitzgerald attempted to explore the American Dream during a corrupt period of the 20’s. In this novel, he wants us to believe that money makes the world go round, or perhaps gets one headed in the right direction. Is it true that an individual can achieve success in life, regardless of family history or social status, if they work hard? Fitzgerald wanted to show the hidden boundaries dividing reality from illusionRead MoreAfrican American Dream1039 Words   |  5 Pagescamps. An essay she wrote, Growing up Asian in America shares her perspective and quotes â€Å"I was neither â€Å"free white†, nor â€Å"African,† our people in California were deemed as â€Å"aliens, ineligible for citizenship†. Noda doesn’t directly approach the idea of the American dream, but she addresses the difference in between social classes, and the idea of her being ineligible for citizenship means she wasn’t truly able to achieve her American dream. This quote is similar to Langston Hughes essay because itRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1599 Words   |  7 Pagespopular novels is named The Great Gatsby. The Great Gatsby is written to reproduce the environment that Fitzgerald was living in. This semiautobiographical work uses fictitious characters to portray how people around Fitzgerald acted and what the overall theme of America was at this point in time. The years that ensued World War I were known for mass productions of alcohol, grand parties, and greed for money. In The Great Gatsby, Fitzgerald depicts America through Jay Gatsby, expresses the conditionRead MoreThe Great Gatsby951 Words   |  4 Pagesessay 　 The great gatsby, a novel by F.Scott Fitzgerald, is about the loss of innocence and societys downfall as they try to reach this dream. The goal is different for each person, as well as the loss. He or she has a chance of achiving wealth and happiness that sccompaniesit. The great gatsby believes that one can acquire happiness through the accumulaton of wealth and power. Fitzgerald uses images of the character Jay Gatsby, excessive wealth, and immoral actions with the characters to portrayRead More Destruction and Failure of a Generation in Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby1413 Words   |  6 PagesThe Great Gatsby and the Destruction of a Generation      Ã‚   The beauty and splendor of Gatsbys parties masks the decay and corruption that lay at the heart of the Roaring Twenties. The society of the Jazz Age, as observed by Fitzgerald, is morally bankrupt, and thus continually plagued by a crisis of character. Jay Gatsby, though he struggles to be a part of this world, remains unalterably an outsider. His life is a grand irony, in that it is a caricature of Twenties-style ostentation: his closetRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald Essay1510 Words   |  7 Pagesthere was always something for you in the Summer of New York in 1922. Whether it was the backfire of the prohibition making the alcohol cheaper or the clutter and violence the World War I left in America. America had built a world of conservatism and strong values, which was abruptly turned upside down, making money, luxury and euphoria the new American dream. In this essay, I will be pin pointing certain events, which I believe to have been the epitome of the ro aring twenties, such as The American

Lenzs Law and Faradays Law of Induction Essay Example For Students

Lenzs Law and Faradays Law of Induction Essay Lenzs Law and Faradays Law of Induction1. With this definition of the flux being , we can now return to Faradaysinvestigations. He found that the magnitude of the emf produced depends on therate at which the magnetic flux changes. Faraday found that if the flux throughN loops of wire changes by an amount , during a time delta t, the averageinduced emf during this time isThis fundamental result is known as Faradays law of induction. The minus sign is placed there to remind us in which direction theinduced emf acts. Experiment shows that an induced emf always gives rise to acurrent whose magnetic field opposes the original change in flux. This is knowna Lenzs law. Let us apply it to the case of relative motion between a magnetand a coil. The changing flux induces an emf, which produces a current in thecoil; and this induced current produces its own magnet field. If the distancebetween the coil and the magnet decreases; so the magnetic field, and thereforethe flux, through the coil increases. The magnetic field of the magnet pointsupward. To oppose this upward increase, the field produced by the inducedcurrent must point downward. Thus Lenzs law tells us that the current must moveby the use of the use of the right hand rule. If the flux decreases, so theinduced current produces an upward magnetic field that is trying to maintainthe status quo. Let us consider what would happen if Lenzs law were just the reverse. The induced current would produce a flux in the same direction as the originalchange; this greater change in flux would produce an even larger current,followed by a still larger change in flux, and so on. The current would continueto grow indefinitely, producing power (=) even after the original stimulus ended. This would violate the conservation of energy. Such perpetual motion devicesdo not exist. It is important to note, which I believe was forgotten in the classlecture, is that Faradays investigation, as summarized in Faradays law, saysthat an emf is induced whenever there is a change in flux. Thus an emf can beinduced in two ways: (1) by changing the magnetic field B; or (2) by changingthe area A of the loop or its orientation theta with respect to the field. A motor turns and produces mechanical energy when a current is made toflow in it. You might expect that the armature would accelerate indefinitely asa result of applied torque. However, as the armature of a motor turns, themagnetic flux through the coil changes and an emf is generated. This induced emfacts to oppose the motion (Lenzs law) and is called the back or counter emf. The greater the speed of the motor, the greater the back emf. Indeed, as themotor increases in speed, the back emf increases until a balance is reachedwhere the speed remains constant. Thus the counter emf controls the speed of amotor. For a given coil, the ratio of the electromotive force of induction tothe rate of change in the coil is called the self-inductance of the coil. Analternative definition of self-inductance is the number of flux linkages perunit current. Flux linkage is the product of the flux and the number of turns inthe coil. Self-inductance does not affect a circuit in which the current isunchanging, however, it is of great importance when there is a changing current,since there is an induced emf during the time that the change takes place. .ud9180d3d7f322e4b2ccfdd4bf2607169 , .ud9180d3d7f322e4b2ccfdd4bf2607169 .postImageUrl , .ud9180d3d7f322e4b2ccfdd4bf2607169 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ud9180d3d7f322e4b2ccfdd4bf2607169 , .ud9180d3d7f322e4b2ccfdd4bf2607169:hover , .ud9180d3d7f322e4b2ccfdd4bf2607169:visited , .ud9180d3d7f322e4b2ccfdd4bf2607169:active { border:0!important; } .ud9180d3d7f322e4b2ccfdd4bf2607169 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ud9180d3d7f322e4b2ccfdd4bf2607169 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ud9180d3d7f322e4b2ccfdd4bf2607169:active , .ud9180d3d7f322e4b2ccfdd4bf2607169:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ud9180d3d7f322e4b2ccfdd4bf2607169 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ud9180d3d7f322e4b2ccfdd4bf2607169 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ud9180d3d7f322e4b2ccfdd4bf2607169 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ud9180d3d7f322e4b2ccfdd4bf2607169 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ud9180d3d7f322e4b2ccfdd4bf2607169:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ud9180d3d7f322e4b2ccfdd4bf2607169 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ud9180d3d7f322e4b2ccfdd4bf2607169 .ud9180d3d7f322e4b2ccfdd4bf2607169-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ud9180d3d7f322e4b2ccfdd4bf2607169:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Sigmund Freuds Ego Defense Mechanisms EssayThe mutual inductance of two neighboring circuits is defined as theratio of the emf induced in one circuit to the rate of change of current in theother circuit. ()The SI unit of mutual inductance is the henry, the same a the unit ofself- inductance. The same value is obtained for a pair of coils, regardless ofwhich coil is the starting point. ()

Multiple Heroes In The Taming Of The Shrew Essays -

Multiple Heroes In The Taming Of The Shrew Multiple Heroes in The Taming of the Shrew Throughout Shakespeare's The Taming of the Shrew, it is easy to see that a great responsibility is put on Petruchio for his efforts in having to tame the shrew, Katherine. With this responsibility also came admiration when his goal was finally achieved. Because of this admiration for taming a shrew, Petruchio is the character most looked upon as a hero in this play. However, I believe that although Petruchio can be looked upon as a hero, Katherine and Bianca also have good arguments as to how they are heroes also because of the drastic ways they changed as people. In my eyes, The Taming of the Shrew has more than one hero, in fact, there are multiple heroes. The most obvious hero in this Shakespearean play is Petruchio. Petruchio, upon setting foot in Padua, has announced that he has come Happily to wive and thrive as best I may (Dolan 63). He is looking for a wife, and feels like he has much to offer. Hortensio jokingly tells Petruchio about Katherine, the shrew, which immediately sparks Petruchio's interest in the wealthy, fiery woman. After Petruchio and Katherine's first meeting in Act II, Scene I, Petruchio says this: For I am he born to tame you, Kate, And bring you from a wild Kate to a Kate Comformable as other household Kates....I must and will have Katharine to my wife (Dolan 83). This is where the story begins. When the story comes to an end, in the last few scenes, it is obvious that Katherine has now been tamed. Petruchio has accomplished what he has set out to do by taming her the way he would tame a pet falcon. He says in Act IV, Scene 1, in reference to treating her like a falcon, This is the way to kill a wife with kindness; And thus I'll curb her mad and headstrong humor. He that knows better how to tame a shrew, Now let him speak. 'Tis charity to show (Dolan 107). By starving Katherine, not letting her sleep, and torturing her with new clothes that are not good enough for her, Petruchio has shown that he is a hero. He did the impossible when he married and tamed Katherine. Even though some people, women in particular, are likely to say that Petruchio isn't a hero because that is not a decent way to treat a human being; a person can't argue with the fact that by the end of the play, Katherine is a different person. She is no longer rude, obnoxious, or disobedient. In fact, she is a well-respected, well-mannered woman, who is capable of having a mutual, loving relationship. No one else in Katherine's life has been able to change her headstrong, shrewish, ways, but Petruchio was able to do this, making him a perfect hero for the play. On the other hand, I believe that it can be argued that Katherine was also a hero in her own way. After being treated second best her entire life, it is understandable why she acts the way she does. She wants attention for herself, especially from her father who adores her younger, more obedient sister, Bianca. Katherine has such an awful reputation that when Hortensio learns that Petruchio is interested in marrying her he tries to warn Petruchio off by saying: Her only fault, and that is faults enough, Is that she is intolerable curst And shrewd, and froward, so beyond all measure That, were my state far worser that it is, I would not wed her for a mine of gold (Dolan 65). Basically Katherine is known for being a shrew that could never be tamed, nor would anyone ever want to try. Katherine does not help herself or her reputation when Petruchio does start courting her. In their first conversation, witty, insulting, humorous dialogue flows between them freely, which shows Katherine's shrewish temperament. When Petruchio tells Katherine to come sit on him, she replies with, Asses are made to bear, and so are you (Dolan 79). Another response is, If I be waspish, best beware my sting (80). And, when Petruchio tells her that they will be married on Sunday, she responds with, I'll see thee hanged on Sunday first (84). Katherine puts on a great display of the reasons she is considered such a shrew. However, by the end of the play, Katherine is a completely changed

Free Essays on Spotted Owl

ENVR 100 INTERNET ASSIGNMENT Website 1: â€Å"Brighter future for Spotted Owl in British Columbia† 31-10-2002 birdlife.net/news/news/2002/10/705.html Fact 1: Interfor says it will withdraw operations from designated Spotted Owl management areas. Fact 2: There are currently fewer than 25 breeding pairs of Spotted Owls in south west BC. Explanation: Interfor logging company has planned to stop logging in some areas that are home to some of the last remaining Spotted Owls of BC. Although environmentalists feel this is a step in the right direction, the logging company plans to follow the BC Government’s Spotted Owl Management Plan which has apparently been criticized in the past for itself contributing to a population decline of over 70% in the last seven years. Research on the Northern Spotted Owl has documented its dependence on coastal old-growth forests and the majority of old-growth in this owl’s range has already been logged. Those owls that remain are in some jeopardy as their populations will continue to decline as long as long as old-growth forest logging continues. Website 2: â€Å"Spotted Owls Going Extinct in Canada† 17-09-2002 forestethics.org/html/eng/434.shtml Fact 1: The plight of the owl is an indicator of both the poor health of BC’s forest ecosystems and the unwillingness of federal and provincial governments to protect endangered species. Fact 2: Eighty-seven per cent of spotted owl habitat loss is due to industrial logging. Explanation: A report was released by Sierra Legal Defence Fund, Western Canada Wilderness Committee and Forest Watch of British Columbia about how the Spotted Owl is on a fast-track to extinction due to BC Forestry practices. Our forest ecosystems are in bad shape as we continue to log what is left of our old-growth forests. These same old-growth forests are home to a much endangered species of BC, the Spotted Owl. ... Free Essays on Spotted Owl Free Essays on Spotted Owl ENVR 100 INTERNET ASSIGNMENT Website 1: â€Å"Brighter future for Spotted Owl in British Columbia† 31-10-2002 birdlife.net/news/news/2002/10/705.html Fact 1: Interfor says it will withdraw operations from designated Spotted Owl management areas. Fact 2: There are currently fewer than 25 breeding pairs of Spotted Owls in south west BC. Explanation: Interfor logging company has planned to stop logging in some areas that are home to some of the last remaining Spotted Owls of BC. Although environmentalists feel this is a step in the right direction, the logging company plans to follow the BC Government’s Spotted Owl Management Plan which has apparently been criticized in the past for itself contributing to a population decline of over 70% in the last seven years. Research on the Northern Spotted Owl has documented its dependence on coastal old-growth forests and the majority of old-growth in this owl’s range has already been logged. Those owls that remain are in some jeopardy as their populations will continue to decline as long as long as old-growth forest logging continues. Website 2: â€Å"Spotted Owls Going Extinct in Canada† 17-09-2002 forestethics.org/html/eng/434.shtml Fact 1: The plight of the owl is an indicator of both the poor health of BC’s forest ecosystems and the unwillingness of federal and provincial governments to protect endangered species. Fact 2: Eighty-seven per cent of spotted owl habitat loss is due to industrial logging. Explanation: A report was released by Sierra Legal Defence Fund, Western Canada Wilderness Committee and Forest Watch of British Columbia about how the Spotted Owl is on a fast-track to extinction due to BC Forestry practices. Our forest ecosystems are in bad shape as we continue to log what is left of our old-growth forests. These same old-growth forests are home to a much endangered species of BC, the Spotted Owl. ...

How to Get Your Commercial Driver’s License in Michigan and Idaho

How to Get Your Commercial Driver’s License in Michigan and Idaho This article applies to anyone who wants to apply for a CDL in Michigan and Idaho. If you want to learn about getting a CDL in other states, TheJobNetwork has put together a very comprehensive CDL guide on every state of the country. MichiganWho needs a CDL?Any Michigan resident who will  operate the following commercial vehicles is required to obtain a CDL:Single vehicles with a GVWR of 26,001+ poundsCombination vehicles towing a trailer or other vehicles with a GVWR of 10,001+ pounds when the GCWR is 26,001+ poundsVehicles designed to transport 16 or more people (including the driver) or carrying hazardous materials in amounts requiring placardingWho does not need a CDL?Active duty military (including National Guard) with military licenses operating military vehiclesPolice officers and firefighters who meet approved training standards and operate authorized emergency vehiclesFarmers operating vehicles within a 150 mile radius of their farm. However, an F-endorsement is needed by farmers operating combination vehicles whose towing vehicle has a GVWR of 26,001+ pounds. Also, farmers who carry hazardous materials in amounts requiring placarding while operating combination vehicles with a  towing vehicle  that has a GVWR of 26,001+ pounds or a single vehicle with a GVWR of 26,001+ poundsneed a CDL with a hazardous materials endorsement.Individuals operating motor homes or other vehicles used exclusively to transport personal possessions or family members, for non-business purposesObtaining a CDLHere are the steps you must take in order to obtain your CDL.1. Visit a Secretary of State branch office. While there, you must provide:Proof of Social Security number (Social Security card, payroll check stub, W-2 Form).Proof of legal presence in the United StatesIf applying for a hazardous materials endorsement, proof of   Federal Security Threat  Assessment and  U.S. Citizenship or Lawful Permanent Resident2. Complete an application. You will have to certify at this time that you meet medical and driver qualifications.  If you have had any change in your physical condition since your last driver license renewal which may affect your ability to drive, you may need a special form before you can apply for your CDL.At this point, you will also have to prove that you meet driver record eligibility requirements as determined by Secretary of State branch office personnel. 3. Pass the Knowledge Test and a vision test. You must pass all required knowledge tests to first obtain a CLP, which lets you practice driving with another  driver who has a CDL for your vehicle  type. You need a CLP to  take the CDL skills tests (see Step 5).   If you do not pass a knowledge test on your first attempt, you must wait one day to retake the test.4. Pay your CDL fees.5. Schedule your  CDL skills test. Note:  You must wait 14 days after receiving your CDL to take the skills test and converting your CLP into a full  CDL.  You must schedule your skills test at least 2 days in advance.Once you have passed your CDL skills tests, return to the Secretary of State branch office to:6. Pay a correction fee to add CDL privileges to your license.7. Receive your CDL.IdahoWho needs a CDL?In Idaho, you must obtain  a CDL to operate any of the following commercial motor vehicles:Single vehicles with a GVWR of 26,001+ poundsCombination vehicles towing a trailer or other vehicles with a GVWR of 10,001+ pounds when the GCWR is 26,001+ poundsVehicles designed to transport 16 or more people (including the driver) or carrying hazardous materials in amounts requiring placardingWho does not need a CDL?Drivers of vehicles used exclusively to transport personal possessions or family members for non-business or recreational purposes.Military vehicle operators who are considered active-duty military personnelDrivers of firefighting or other emergency equipment used in response to emergencies involving the preservation of life or propertyDrivers of farm vehicles, including family members and farmhands.How to Obtain an Idaho CDLTo apply for a CDL, you must:Be at least 18 years oldHave a valid Idaho non-commercial license (Class D) or have passed all tests required to obtain one.Have one year of driving experienceApplication steps:1. Go to your county driver’s license office and supplyYour current driver’s licenseSocial Security cardProof of Idaho residenceMoney to pay your feesIf you are not a  U.S. citizen or a U.S. national, you should provide proof of lawful presence in the United States2. Your driving record will be checked, fees will be collected, and you will take a  vision and knowledge test.3. After passing these tests, you must make an appointment to take the skills test. A list of Examiners is available at the County DMV and online at www.itd.idaho.gov.When you  take your skills test, you will need to provide  proof of identification, proof of insurance, and your receipt showing you have passe d the written tests and paid the skills test receipt fee.4. Take your skills tests:   the vehicle inspection, the basic control skills test, and the road test. The skills test will take two to three hours to complete and must be taken in a vehicle that is representative of the license class you wish to obtain.5. Obtain your CDL from the County DMV.

Recent Political Changes in the Middle East Coursework

Recent Political Changes in the Middle East - Coursework Example Arab Spring when translated means Arab Revolution is a wave of revolution in the Arab World, the aim of this Arab Spring is to protest against the regime which is being followed in several Arab countries. People have also effectively used social networking websites to take their protest to another level; websites like Facebook and Twitter have been used to raise awareness and to bring down the regime which is being followed in several of these Arab countries. 18 December 2010 was the exact date when the Arab awakening picked up the pace, it was in Tunisia that the people first started protesting against the ill-treatment and the corrupt policemen. This wave of unrest picked a pace and spread to other Arab countries triggering war-like circumstances in several Arab countries.The general elections in Lebanon which took place in 2009 hogged the limelight, the minimum age to vote was 21 that time, the age was to be changed from 21 to 18 but this required a constitutional bill to be passe d which did not happen and things remained as they were, completely unchanged. After much ado, the government was formed in Lebanon in the year 2009 but the government could not survive for too long, the same government fell in the year 2011 when 11 ministers who formed an integral part of the government withdrew their support. A lot of other significant developments also took place during 2009 and 2011. In February 2009Â   Lebanon fired two rockets which were aimed towards northern Israel, the two countries have not had the best of relationships in the past and this development made their relationship even worse, they were at loggerheads once again. This event was not the first of its kind, the two countries have been exchanging rocket strikes for quite some time now, this was the third of its kind during 2009. Hezbollah group has been actively involved in such strikes but on that occasion, they clearly came forward and denied any such wrongdoing, Palestinian militant groups are a lso very active in Lebanon and it was believed that they were behind this rocket strike which deteriorated the relationship of Lebanon and Israel even further. This was just the tip of the iceberg, the country faced several other major issues in the year 2009, and its relationship with other Arab countries remained the highlight throughout the year.

Importance of Strategic thinking and formulation in the organisational Essay

Importance of Strategic thinking and formulation in the organisational change - Essay Example There are many stages involved in the process of the strategic management. These steps are divided in to three broad categories: 1) Strategy formulation 2) Strategy implementation 3) Strategy evaluation The first step namely the strategy formulation involves the development of the business mission, evaluation of the opportunities and threats faced by the business organisation in the business, by using tools such as SWOT analysis, examining the strengths and weaknesses of the business, determining the long term objectives of the business and designing the new strategies to eke in the process of achieving the new targets. It also include the processes to determine the investment direction, the business markets to be addressed, extension of the operations of the business, limitations faced by the business in order to undertake the business activities.... d the marketing efforts, planning the financial issues, alignment of the information system with the information needs of the employees and last but not least provisions of appraisals and rewards to the employees. The strategy implementation stage requires several actions to be taken by the management in order to get the most of it. The successful implementation of a strategy is directly related to the ability of a manger to motivate employees in the strategic direction and to develop an organisational culture to adopt the change and take it into the daily business practise. It also demands some crucial steps by the managers on personal level. The manger should depict different qualities such as discipline, high level of commitment and motivation, leadership and enthusiasm of making things possible. Successful implementation of strategy is very important. This is the most crucial step in the whole process since it involves many factors besides the ability of manger. This includes the adoption of change by the employees, their commitment levels, and the enthusiasm towards their jobs. Most often the business organisations fail to achieve their desired targets since they fail to implement their s trategies in a successful manner or fail to get support from their employees. The final stage is the strategy evaluation. After the implementation it is important for the managers to test the effectiveness of the strategy. The strategy of a company requires constant updating. With the changing conditions of market and industry it is important for an organisation to keep its strategy in tact with the changing environment. An out dated strategy cannot fulfil the needs of today's global environment. In order to go through the updating process the organisations should carry on

Eva Smiths Diary Essay Example for Free

Eva Smiths Diary Essay George maintains his game-playing and point-scoring with Martha by assuming a teacher-like tone, while Martha is the pupil. He explains that the chromosome business is very simple, Martha, patronising her like shes a child, again continuing the games. George belittles her, implying shes a monster with a ravenous, almost sexual, appetite that eats [chromosomes] for breakfast. His sudden increase in conversation may be a means to hinder Marthas incessant flirting with Nick, since he is feeling rather threatened by Nick. Although George is speaking to Martha he is directing it at Nick. He links the idea of the banal unvarying race personally to Nick, referring to the smooth, blond, and right at the middleweight limit civilisation of seemingly glorious men. Nick fits this description perfectly, personifying the typical, superficially perfect American Dream, and by making his condemnation of the vision specifically related to Nick, George challenges him. George is contemptuous towards Nick, and as the stage directions read, ignores him when Nick tries to protest. He doesnt trust Nick, and George openly challenges him: I know when Im being threatened. This demonstrates his acknowledgement of both the sexual threat Nick poses, and of the battle between art and science. George is not fooled by Nicks false courtesy as seen in the early stages of the play. Nicks guise of decorum is gradually beginning to uncover. Being a scientist makes him the victim of Georges criticism, and a contributor in the construction of a monotonous master race. Consequently, Nick does not have an opposing response to this vision since he plays a role in its development displayed through his joke of being the wave of the future. It also reveals elements of Nicks arrogance when he says it. He tries to, as seen in the stage directions: make light of it all, in a sarcastic reply to Georges attack, but there is a sense of overconfidence about it. Nick seems unable to take criticism and when he tries to interrupt George, he is impatient or says it grimly, showing how he wants to cease Georges belittling of him and his profession, and his frustration at George. Nick obviously dislikes and holds contempt to George. He gets very irritated with Georges comments about scientists being ants, demanding: Are you finished? Nick is becoming infuriated with Georges taunting, but tries to control himself by trying to make light of it all. The underlying tensions in Nicks relationship with Honey begin to show clearly. He snaps at her when she drunkenly asks: You never told me, and his angry outburst, as seen by the stage directions, [shocks] her. Nick unleashes his impatience and resentment onto Honey, showing that they are not the perfect couple that they appear to be. Here, Albee breaks down the image of the American Dream which Honey and Nick are supposed to embody. Nick calls himself a personal screwing machine in response to Marthas flirting with him. Martha surprisingly doesnt play a domineering part in this extract. She doesnt seem very interested in the totalitarian vision of the future, until George mentions Nick. Marthas responses: Hunh! Awww Goody, are not ones made with great enthusiasm or with interest, although she is impressed at the start of Georges explanation of chromosomes to her. When Martha does comment it does not exhibit anything that we dont already know about her, such as her sexual forwardness. Martha is subtly developing her relationship with Nick, flattering him constantly. She remarks how its not a bad idea if everyone looked like him, and salaciously says So, everyones going to look like you, eh? Marthas obvious flirting could either be taken seriously, or as just another game to annoy George. Along with her advances towards Nick, she gets at George by putting him down, teasing him about his paunch. Martha and Georges childish games are a common part of their interaction, and her mocking him is all part of the game. This extract is essential in showing how there is a gradual development of characters and their opinions, especially George. How the relationships between characters are portrayed in this extract is significant: they are beginning to develop, and their true nature is progressively being exposed. Yet Albee does not simply convey the characters and their relationships with each other, but perhaps even a portrayal of a wider society. In this extract, Albee criticises the concept of the American Dream, the idea of perfection through George, and successfully shows how all that glitters is not necessarily gold. (1263 words) Show preview only The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE John Steinbeck section.

The Significance of Interspecies Communication Essay -- Exploratory Es

The Significance of Interspecies Communication "Koko is the kind of daughter who, even at 32 likes to settle into her mom's lap and cuddle. Never mind that she is 300 pounds" (Adams 1999). When Koko, a baby gorilla at the San Francisco Zoo, was adopted by her mother, Dr. Francine "Penny" Patterson, she was suffering from malnutrition. Koko, one of the most recognized gorillas in the world, is able to communicate with humans through American Sign Language or Ameslan, the hand of the deaf, used by an estimated 200,000 deaf Americans (Patterson 1978). Koko is famous for her ability to communicate with humans and her active role in saving her endangered species. Patterson inherited an interest in psychology from her father who was an educational psychology professor at the University of Illinois. In 1970, Patterson earned her undergraduate degree in developmental psychology from the University of Illinois, after discovering that she was far more interested in the make up of the animal brain. She later attended Stanford University, where she first encountered a chimpanzee using sign language to communicate with humans (Adams 1999). Soon after that, she became fascinated with Koko and the possibility of working with her in the same manner as the chimpanzees in the video. . The name Hanabi-Ko, which is Japanese for "Fireworks Child," was given to the gorilla, because of her Fourth of July birthday and Koko became her nickname (Patterson 1978). In 1972, when Dr. Patterson first visited Koko in the San Francisco Zoo, Koko was a three month-old lowland gorilla playing with her mother. After nine months, Dr. Patterson finally convinced the zoo director to let her teach Koko sign language. On her first visit, "Patterson greeted ... ...rch 9, 2004, From Educational Broadcasting Corporation Web site: www.pbs.org/wnet/nature/koko/print/newhome.html Linden, E. (1986). Silent partners. New York: Times Books. Pp.115- 129. Patterson, Francine. (1978). Conversations with a gorilla. National Geographic, Vol. 154. No. 4, 438-465 Robinson, Peter. (1999). Koko and me. Forbes, ASAP, Vol. 164 Issue eight, p81,1p Schneider, Elaine Ernst. (2001). American sign language (ASL) vs. signed english (SE). Retrieved March 8, 2004, From Lesson Tutor. Web site: http://www.lessontutor.com/eesASLIntro.html Spilky, Scott. (2002). The caretaker. Retrieved March 13, 2004, From The Board of Trustees of the University of Illinois Web site:www.las.uiuc.edu/alumni/spotlight/03fall_patterson.html Trask, Larry. (1998). Koko the talking gorilla. Retrieved March 8, 2004, Web site: larryt@cogs.susx.ac.uk

Italian Hours Essay

Italian Hours, Henry James’s most acclaimed collection of travel stories written between 1882 and 1909, is a very interesting piece of travel literature. However, it does much more than a typical work in the genre would do, that is describing author’s experiences in a foreign, usually exotic, country. Instead, Italian Hours can be seen as an important document from a historical and anthropological perspective, since it catalogues living conditions, attitudes, customs and traditions of Italian people at the end of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th century. There are other prominent examples of travel literature, such as Tocqueville’s Journey to America, which provide in-depth explorations of cultural idiosyncrasies and social organization of different societies; Italian Hours should be seen as one of the works in the latter category. James’s opinions on various matters are all more interesting for the reason that his perspective, as of an American writer and tourist, is â€Å"an embodiment of modernity by definition† (Manolescu-Oancea 2010, para. 1), while Italy is conventionally regarded to be a country that has entered the period of modernity later than other major European powers. In the subsequent paragraphs, a number of examples of the aforementioned will be presented. It is necessary to keep in mind that James’s work touches upon a wide variety of philosophical topics, which are all very intriguing yet unfortunately cannot be covered in this essay due to space constraints. This essay will focus primarily at James’s interpretation of social conditions, developments, and debates in Italy of the aforementioned period. The concluding section will briefly discuss the place of Italian Hours among other works of travel literature set in Italy. Along with describing natural beauties and historical sites of Italy, James devotes significant attention to analyzing people’s daily lives, which allows for a deduction about social structures that existed in Italy of those times. For instance, when describing Sienna, James (2008) talks of it as of a city that is still in the 14th century, with numerous and rich nobility that is â€Å"perfectly feudal and uplifted and separate† (p. 242). There is no middle class, or bourgeoisie; instead â€Å"immediately after the aristocracy come the poor people, who are very poor indeed† (James 2008, p. 42). A great divide between rich and poor has been very characteristic of Italy of the late 19th and early 20th century. The miserable situation of poorer Italians is exacerbated by the government that wields unreasonably high taxes. Upward social mobility is a rare phenomenon, and most Italians born outside of the upper classes were expecting a life of struggle and destitution . When recollecting his time in Venice, James writes that Italians’ â€Å"habitations are decayed; their taxes heavy; their pockets light; their opportunities few† (James 2008, p. 13). It is necessary to keep in mind that the unification of Italy occurred quite late in the 19th century. A lot of problems remained unresolved following the unification, ranging from economic deprivation to epidemics of fatal disease. Most researchers name â€Å"the huge material gulf between north and south† (p. 168) as one of the most pressing problems of the time: previously Austrian provinces of Lombardy and Venetia were more developed then southern provinces like Sicily. The following statistics give a fairly comprehensive picture of the level of economic development in the immediate aftermath of the unification: In 1870s the primary sector [agriculture, mining and forestry] accounted for 62 percent of total employment against less than 50 percent for France, Germany and the USA. For the UK the figure was only 22. 7 percent. Most of the industrial development was concentrated in very few areas, namely Lombardy, Piedmont and a few firms in the region of Naples† (Faini & Venturini 1994, p. 74). Yet the disparities in life quality between different provinces of Italy are not salient in James’s writings. Keen on noticing regional differences, the author of Italian Hours speaks of Italian people as generally poor, although income gap becomes more and more extreme as one moves southwards. Poor economic conditions have resulted in mass emigration of Italians to other country, mostly to the United States, which seems particularly ironic in the context of James’s observations about Italy and America. James (2008) describes Italians as simple and unpretentious; he writes of them as of people that â€Å"have at once the good and the evil fortune to be conscious of few wants† (p. 3). However, early modernity has already associated sophistication with having a variety of needs that are hard to satisfy. In accordance with these criteria, Italians might come across as being less civilized than other peoples, although such view is definitely misguided. Enjoying simple pleasures can be a sign of wisdom and contemplative approach to life; although many of the pleasures Italian cities offer might seem to be â€Å"superficial pastimes† (James 2008, p. 14), they are no less pleasurable from it. Enjoying works by great masters of the past or magnificent nature are some of the activities Italians often indulge in. One of the issues that have been heatedly debated at the times of James’s travels was the question of whether to restore or preserve ancient ruins, and how to do it. In Italian Hours, the author presents his negative â€Å"assessment of the results of renovation in Italian cities and in his criticism of the intrusions of modernity in the cityscape† (Manolescu-Oancea 2010, para. 1). In his opinion, buildings should be seen as humans, having their own lifecycles and histories, and therefore mortal. Moreover, buildings have a unique ability to tell stories of people who have once inhabited them and sometimes even have to atone for their sins: â€Å"Houses not only look like ageing bodies, they also seem to be permeated with the life of their former inhabitants, which lends them a dark human aura, a psyche† (Manolescu-Oancea 2010, para. 6). As with cityspaces, natural landscapes for James are not â€Å"merely a picturesque backdrop for romantic adventure†¦[but are]†¦endowed with some of the richness of symbolic values inherited from great historical events† (Mariani 1964, p. 42). Since the richness of Italian history and nature are so impressive, James notes with regret that so many Italians live in poverty. On the other hand, he believes that being constantly surrounded by breathtaking beauty is a fair compensation; moreover, the peculiarly lighthearted approach to life Italians have helps them cope with daily problems. Although a lot of criticism of social reality of the late 19th century and early 20th century is present in James’s text, a comparison with his own country, America, is usually to the disadvantage of the latter. In Monte Mario outside Rome, James (2008) observes â€Å"the idle elegance and grace of Italy alone, the natural stamp of the land which has the singular privilege of making one love her unsanctified beauty all but as well as those features of one’s own country toward which nature’s small allowance doubles that of one’s own affection† (p. 166). In comparing American and Italian cuisine, the author recollects Grotta Ferrata, a rather insignificant and unkempt village, yet al fresco food for its fair â€Å"couldn’t fail to suggest romantic analogies to a pilgrim from the land of no cooks† (James 1995; cited in Collister 2004, p. 95). When James expresses dissatisfaction with new developments in the centre of Florence, he thinks of America again, fearful of the ancient city being disfigured â€Å"under the treatment of enterprising syndics, into an ungirdled organism of the type, as they viciously say, of Chicago† (James 2008, p. 257). Ev en in term of attitudes, James (2008) appreciates the fact that Italians are more down-to-earth and relaxed than his fellow men when he fears that a day may come when people â€Å"rush about Venice as furiously as people rush about New York† (p. 57). Thus, while modernity and speed become synonymous with the New World, James’s observations unmistakably point to â€Å"cultural wrong-headedness and impoverishment of the America† (Collister 2004, p. 196). At the same time, Italy is to James â€Å"literally picturesque – real life composes itself into art at every turn† (Collister 2002, p. 340). Constant reminiscences of the New World serve several particular functions in James’s writing. First of all, it appears to be symbolic of his attempts to establish an emotional connection with his readers and – through his personal perspective – to help establish a connection between his readers and Italy. This device is frequently employed in travel literature: the reader can feel overwhelmed with descriptions of faraway places and strange cultures that bear no resemblance to their own; it is therefore the role of a writer to create a minimum level of comfort by recalling familiar places and phenomena. In such a way, readers can comprehend the mode of life in distant lands building on their own experience in their home countries. On the other hand, such reminiscences serve another purpose, as Manolescu-Oancea (2010) argues: James’s constant references to America and to his Americanness introduce a special kind of alienated perspective, both geographical and temporal, which is decidedly American in outlook† (para. 20). James’s fascination with Italy has been enduring, yet there were moments in his life when the writer has expressed a significant degree of dissatisfaction with living conditions there. Rome is the city that has come is for the most criticism in his private letters; in one of them he even writes the following: â€Å"I feel that I shouldn’t care if I never saw the perverted place again† (James 1907; cited in Lubbock 2008, p. 2). This perhaps can be attributed to the fact that his brother, William, has contracted malaria while in Rome and had to move southwards to Florence to improve his health (Gale 1959). It is indeed interesting to observe how both James’s life and writings create a rather accurate account of what it was like to live in Italy at the end of the 19th and at the beginning of the 20th century. James’s Italian Hours is one among many other literary travelogues of Italy; Sterne’s Sentimental Journey Through France and Italy (1768) and Dickens’ Pictures from Italy (1845) are perhaps the most known of them. What distinguishes Italian Hours, however, is that it â€Å"follows no chronology and even the geographical ordering – much dwelling upon Venice and a movement southwards as far as Naples with a return to Tuscany – is (unlike Goethe’s Italienische Reise) arbitrary† (Collister 2004, p. 194). At the same time, the peculiarity of the narrator’s style gives a powerful and overarching sense of organization to this seemingly odd collection of stories.

Inequality in our Education System Essay

Education is vital to all individuals. It is the foundation of one’s development in order to achieve personal distinction. In addition, it also equips people the capacity to properly interact with other people. Education serves as a weapon for survival. It empowers one’s capacity and provides an edge in any endeavor that one wishes to get involved in. For example, in securing a job, a decent   and impressive educational attainment is one of the qualifications necessary in order to get hired.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Schools are designed to provide the adequate needs for attaining quality education. Schools should provide competent teachers, rigorous curriculum and modern facilities and equipments. But few   Americans are aware of the massive disparity and inequality that are consuming the educational system. Although it is not proper and ideal, the social status of an individual greatly affects the quality of education that one receives (Darling- Hammond, 2008, p. 208).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Tracking, in the area of education, recognizes the gap between the low-income, minority students and their well-off peers. Ethnic and linguistic minority students coming from low-income background oftentimes only afford admission to general and vocational courses, thus decreasing their chance, if not totally depriving them from pursuing college education (Mehan and Hubbardm, 1999, n.p). Schools with high concentration of low-income and minority students receive fewer and poor quality learning resources than the other schools within the same district (Darling- Hammond, 2008, p. 208).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Along with medical assistance and social welfare, ideally the education sector should be alloted with a larger portion from the state budget and should be appropriately divided among all the schools. But ironically, educational fund in the United States has also been unequally distributed to all schools. 10% of the wealthiest school district in the most industrialized country spend 10 times more than the 10% least fortunate. The number of poor and minority students are definitely higher in the least funded schools, mostly located at the central cities and rural areas, which is lowly funded than the schools in the suburban districts. Recent study shows that Alabama, New Jersey, New York, Louisiana, and Texas and schools with higher ratio of students of non-White American descent receive fewer resources than schools serving a greater number of White Americans (Darling- Hammond, 2008, p. 208).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   To address the issue of racism within the educational system, the idea of hidden curriculum was coined. Hidden curriculum pertains to the messages passed on by the organization or pedadogical institution apart from their public statements. The hidden curriculum is aimed to teach the students of school routines and to enable students in getting along in school and in the society in general. The messages in hidden curriculum may complement or contradict each other. In a way, it opens the minds of students to the possibility that some of the innate principles and natural laws enclosed within the democratic political system, may not at all times be practiced (Cornbleth. 2008, n.p).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Earlier studies proved that hidden curriculum conveyed in public and private schools were different. Public schools mainly focuses on academic classrooms with an emphasis on things like race, ethnicity, disability, and gender or sexual orientation as well as social class, politics, and culture (Cornbleth, 2008, n.p).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Over the years, we have overcome indecency caused by racism. As our culture succumbs to the tenets of globalization, people of different faces and races have been drawn closer towards each other. And this trend would ideally suggest equality among people born out of different ethnicities. The irregularities in our education systems rooted from unjust   policies have caused inequality in our schools.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Tracking, has kept the students separated from others based on their skin color and income. Tracking is therefore a form of racism, wherein students coming from different race and low-income background can never avail of the same oppurtunities, benefits and treatment that other students get. School funding policies branch from tracking, where schools serving more students who they believe are from inferior color and race, receive lesser funds than other schools. And last, hidden curriculum disposes messages that rationalized disparity among students.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In any way, the school shall serve as an institution where values and culture formation is hastened. But if an important and delicate institution like schools inculcate disparity amongst the people, then students and the whole society will be deprived of the rights that everyone must equally enjoy. References Cornbleth, Catherine. (2008). Hidden Curriculum. Retrieved May 3 2008 from http://education.stateuniversity.com/pages/1899/Curriculum-School-HIDDEN-CURRICULUM.html Darling-Hammond, Linda. (2001). Inequality in Teaching and Schooling: How Opportunity Is Rationed to Students of Color in America. In The Right Thing to Do, The Smart Thing to Do Enhancing Diversity in the Health Professions (pp. 208-233). National Academy. Mehan, Hugh and Lea Hubbard. (July 1999). Tracking â€Å"Untracking†: Evaluating the Effectiveness of an Educational Innovation. Retrived May 3 2008 from http://crede.berkeley.edu/research/tier/rb3.shtml

The Flu Pandemic of 1918 Essays

The Flu Pandemic of 1918 Essays The Flu Pandemic of 1918 Essay The Flu Pandemic of 1918 Essay During the course of time certain incidents occur that change the course of our future and our thoughts.These incidents effect the population of the world either positively or negatively.Yet one event stood out to show how with the future brings both knowledge and power.Over the course of this century, scientific research has shown that modern medicine is not as exemplary as we would like it to be, since both we as people, and diseases are continuing a rapid growth or race to extinction of one another.For scientific comparisons, the 1918 Flu Pandemic will be the archetype. Since the beginning of time man has been haunted and tormented by one thing.Disease.Disease and bacteria have been causing great pain and strife to people since the beginning of time.From the Egyptians to the pioneers, and now today.As many different forms of diseases break out, society often is caught looking back in history to judge what to do in situations.This includes diseases.Scientists and researchers stil l havent found the direct cause of the Great Flu Pandemic of 1918, let alone many others that are taking place this very second.Diseases have damaged society for a long time, the bubonic plague that swept across Europe during the 1300s nearly half the population of Europe was killed by an epidemic of plague.(Fettner Pg. 1) Though diseases have been lingering in human society since the dawn of time, many have fought back diseases by researching and creating vaccines and advances in medicine to help the ill.From penicillin to advanced surgery techniques and Antibiotics, the world has given its best shots to end disease but are still falling up a little short. Since the beginning of the infectious influenza, which has been taking the lives of many humans for centuries, it has always been consistent with its treatments and symptoms.The flu is well known for being on time.As most are aware of the flu

Missing Information in MLA Referencing

Missing Information in MLA Referencing Missing Information in MLA Referencing There are few things more frustrating when writing a college paper than finding a great source, but then being unable to find the publication details. Don’t worry, though! You can still cite a source with missing information. In this post, for example, we will look how to handle missing information in MLA citations and the list. Sources Without a Named Author When a source has no named author, you can use the source title in citations instead. For example, to cite an article with no named author, we might write: Many predicted that 2012 would be the end of the world, but this proved premature (â€Å"Apocalypses Through History† 12). Here, for example, the citation is for page 12 of an article called â€Å"Apocalypses Through History.† If the source title is too long, moreover, you can shorten it to fit in citations. The same rule applies in the list, so use the source title in the first position there if no author is named. However, make sure to check carefully for an author. Typically, there will at least be a corporate author to cite. This will be the organization responsible for producing the source you are citing. In-Text Citations Without Page Numbers Some sources have no page numbers to cite (e.g., websites and ebooks). When this happens, MLA recommends using paragraph or line numbers instead if these are available: Page numbers are a thing of the past (Smith par. 12). This citation, for instance, would point to paragraph 12 in a source. However, if the source does not include its own paragraph or line numbers, simply leave this information out of citations. Other Missing Information in the List Finally, we have the list. This is where you give full source information. If you cannot find certain details, however, you will need to adapt your reference accordingly. The MLA Handbook, Eighth Edition. The MLA Handbook does not have strict guidelines about how to handle missing information in the list other than using the title when there is no named author (see above). Generally, then, if you cannot find a piece of information within a source (e.g., place of publication or publication date), you can skip this and move on to the next detail. However, the MLA Handbook does say you can include source information from an external source such as a database or publisher’s website. To do this, simply place the information in question in square brackets. Your teacher or supervisor may also have preferences about how to approach missing information in MLA style references. For example, some suggest using â€Å"n.d.† to indicate a missing date of publication, so remember to check your style guide if you have one available. Summary: Missing Information in MLA Referencing If you cannot find information about a source you have cited, MLA recommends the following: When a source has no named author or suitable organizational author, use the title instead. This applies to both citations and the list. When a source has no page numbers, leave these out of citations. You can use paragraph or line numbers if these are included in the source itself. For other missing information in the list, if it is available from a third party, include it in square brackets. If not, skip the detail in question. And if you want help checking yours referencing, get in touch with Proofed.

Business ethics Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Business ethics - Dissertation Example Ethics examines the ethical problems and moral issues faced by the businesses and apply to individuals as well organizations. It is a form of applied ethics more relevant to ethical conduct of organizations and individuals working in organizations. Business ethics have both the normative as descriptive dimensions however, from the perspective of the practice, business ethics are mostly considered as normative in nature. The overall emphasis is balancing the act between the commercial and profit maximizing motives of the organizations with that of the non-commercial and non-economic concerns which may directly affect other stakeholders of the organization. It has been argued that the business ethnics have evolved over the period of time however, the concept as a whole started to take roots during 1970s. Over the period of time, not only on the academic level but at the practice level, business ethics evolved and organizations started to give due consideration to business ethics. Organ izations actually attempted to adapt business ethics in order to distance themselves from the dubious business scandals. As a result of this drive, overall reporting on ethical issues improved to allow all the stakeholders a better view of information regarding ethical conduct of the organizations. This literature review will provide an extensive analysis and exploration of the seminal and most recent work on the topic of business ethics. By reviewing the existing and past literature, this review will offer an insight into how the discipline has evolved and what future course of action can be taken by the researchers in this discipline. Ethics and Business Ethics Conceptually, business ethics deal with moral features of the commercial activity performed by the business entities. In practice, however there is a wide array of disciplines and subjects which are pursued under the heading of business ethics. Business ethics therefore are constructed as a discipline for moral reflection t he commerce activity and are considered as as old as the trade itself is. From academic point of view, the field of business ethics however, is relatively new as major work in this field took place in the last 4 decades which witnessed growth of literature on the topic of business ethics and organization efforts to incorporate business ethics into their strategy. The roots of ethics and business ethics largely are founded in the religion as it is from here the overall need to do good emerge. Religion stressed upon the use of justice and fairness in terms of trade and commerce and thus binds its followers to observe justice, equality and fairness when dealing with others in trade and commerce related activities. The oldest evidence regarding setting up some sort of ethical bindings on the commercial activities can be found in the Code of Hammurabi which not described the rules for setting up prices but also deliberated upon setting up tariffs and other rules for the commercial activi ty. (Moriarty, 2005) However, the definite and more formal theory on business ethics starts with the work of Aristotle and Plato as contained in both the Republic as well as Politics. Republic, a book by Plato clearly speaks about the idea of Justice and outline that Justice is speaking the truth and giving back what one receives. This idea of justice seem to be aligned with the responsibility of the business to actually provide accurate and true reporting of its affair besides participating into the activities which are beneficial for the society as a whole. Plato’s concept of justice therefore is considered as something where Justice flows naturally from the type of activities pursued by the organizations. This relationship of justice also outlines the basic structure of the exchange taking place between two parties engaging into any trade related transactions and forming the contractual arrangements. Business activities therefore need to be oriented towards the achievement of a balance between the rights of two parties engaged into sort of